30th President · 1923–1929 · Republican
Calvin Coolidge
Honest, frugal and protectionist. Vetoed relief for struggling farmers and sent the Marines back into Nicaragua.
OverallB-GPA 2.79
The grades
- SovereigntyDid they put American interests first and keep decisions in American hands?B+
- HemisphereDid they guard the Americas against rival powers and threats?C+
- RestraintDid they keep the country out of wars of choice that weakened it?B+
- StatecraftDid they use diplomacy, force and alliances skillfully, on American terms?B
- Industry and tradeDid they protect and build American industry?B+
- Working AmericansDid ordinary working families do better because of them?C
- BuildingDid they build things that lasted and push the frontier forward?C+
- NationDid they strengthen a shared American identity and the Union?C+
- CompetenceWere they capable, honest and effective in office?B+
On the axes
MarketEconomyPopulist
Free tradeTradeProtectionist
RestraintForeign policyInterventionist
CosmopolitanNationNational
Dark dot: Calvin Coolidge. Red mark: the Monroe Society. Ideological closeness to the Society: 70%.